When Do You Need a 3-Axis Load Cell Instead of a Single-Axis Sensor?

• July 4, 2025

When Do You Need a 3-Axis Load Cell Instead of a Single-Axis Sensor?

In precision measurement applications, selecting the right type of load cell can make or break your data accuracy. While single-axis sensors are widely used for straightforward force measurements, more complex environments, like robotics, aerospace, and biomechanics, often demand a more advanced solution: the 3-axis load cell.

So, how do you know when it’s time to upgrade to a 3-axis load cell?

What Is a Single-Axis Load Cell? 

A single-axis load cell measures force along one direction, typically tension or compression along a single line. These are ideal for applications where the force vector is predictable and aligned with the sensor’s axis. They are widely used due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and ease of integration.

Common Use Cases:

1. Material Testing Machines

• Used in tensile and compression testing to measure force applied to materials.
• Ensures compliance with mechanical standards (e.g., ASTM, ISO).

2. Weighing Systems

• Found in industrial scales, truck weighbridges, and packaging systems.
• Measures vertical force (weight) with high accuracy.

3. Press and Punch Machines

• Monitors force applied during stamping, forming, or punching operations.
• Helps prevent tool overload and ensures consistent product quality.

4. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems

• Measures force output from actuators or cylinders.
• Used in automation and control systems for feedback loops.

5. Medical Devices

• Applied in prosthetic testing or rehabilitation equipment to measure linear force.
• Ensures patient safety and device performance.

Learn more about types of load cells used in medical sector.

What Is a 3-Axis Load Cell? 

A 3-axis load cell measures forces along the X, Y, and Z axes simultaneously. This allows for a complete understanding of multi-directional forces, including shear and torsion, which are often missed by single-axis sensors.

Common Use Cases:

1. Robotics and Automation

• Installed in robotic arms or grippers to measure interaction forces in all directions.
• Enables force feedback control for delicate or precise operations (e.g., surgical robots, pick-and-place systems).

2. Aerospace Component Testing

• Used to test aircraft parts under simulated flight conditions.
• Measures complex force interactions during vibration, lift, and drag simulations.

3. Biomechanics and Ergonomics

• Applied in gait analysis, sports science, and prosthetic development.
• Captures ground reaction forces and joint loads in multiple directions.

4. Crash and Impact Testing

• Used in automotive and defence industries to measure forces during collisions.
• Helps analyse impact distribution and structural integrity.

5. Precision Assembly and Micro-Manufacturing

• Ensures accurate force application in assembling delicate components (e.g., electronics, optics).
• Prevents damage from unintended lateral or torsional forces.

Key Differences

Choosing between a single-axis and a 3-axis load cell isn’t just about cost, it’s about matching the sensor’s capabilities to your application’s complexity. Below is a side-by-side comparison to help you evaluate which type best fits your measurement needs.

Understanding the strengths and limitations of each load cell type is essential for making an informed decision. The key advantages and trade-offs of single-axis and 3-axis load cells can help you weigh performance, complexity, and cost based on your application needs.

When Should You Choose a 3-Axis Load Cell?

If your application is straightforward and budget-sensitive, a single-axis load cell is likely sufficient. But if you’re dealing with complex force interactions or need high-fidelity data, a 3-axis load cell is the smarter investment.

You should consider a 3-axis load cell when:

• Your application involves forces from multiple directions
• You need to analyse torque, shear, or bending
• You want to reduce error from misalignment or off-axis loading
• You’re working in robotics, aerospace, or biomechanics

Type of Three-Axis Sensors

Understanding the types of force sensors helps in selecting the right one for your application. These are the common types:

At MeasureX, we offer a wide range of force sensors and lead cells.

Highlighted Models:

1. MLD66 Compact 3-Axis Load Cell:
   • Measurement Range: Available in capacities from 5kg to 500kg.
   • Output Signal: 1-1.5 mV/V per axis.
   • Accuracy: 1% Full Scale (FS).
   • Material: Stainless steel construction.
   • Protection Level: IP65-rated, offering resistance against dust and water ingress.
   • Applications: Suitable for robotics, aerospace, automotive testing, and industrial automation.
2. MLD61 3-Axis Load Cell:
   • Measurement Range: Capacities ranging from 5kg to 500kg.
   • Output Signal: 1-1.5 mV/V per axis.
   • Accuracy: 1% FS.
   • Material: Stainless steel construction.
   • Protection Level: IP65-rated.
   • Applications: Ideal for force measurement in multiple directions, including applications in robotics and structural testing.

Need Help Choosing the Right Sensor?

Contact our team to get help on selecting the right load cell for you application or get one tailored.